Conclusions

Since books appeared, reading has become an integral part of people's lives. As Gorky once said, "Books are the stepping stones to human progress." Some people absorb other's stories, get inspired and renew their faith in life. For other people, reading supplies them with spiritual nourishment. They gain knowledge from books, and get progress.

China has launched an "All People Reading" campaign nationwide. The 2016 "Literary China" series of activities has benefitted over 800 million participants, forming a congenial social atmosphere for reading. Capstone, a leading publisher of children's books and digital products and services, is continuing its celebration and advocacy for the importance of reading for all with its "Reading Is For Everyone" campaign in 2020.

What is people's time and expenditure spent on reading? Firstly, the average reading time of people over 65 years old is significantly higher than that of other age groups. The main reason is that retired people have plenty of time to read, since they don't need to work. Besides, elder people are not accustomed to using electronic devices, so they spend most of their spare time on reading. Next, for annual expenditure on reading, it fluctuates a lot with years. From 2008 to 2010, the average consumption on reading in the US dropped greatly, which indicates that people's spending on reading is influenced by the economic situation.

What is people's preference for book category and format? From the analysis, the main book formats on Amazon are paperback and hardback. The categories strongly associated to paperback are Crime-Thriller, Romance and Graphic-Novels-Anime-Manga, which indicates that if people choose books from these three categories, they are more likely to be paperback. The categories Humour, Home-Garden and Food-Drink are strongly associated to hardback, which implies that when people choose books from these three categories, they are more likely to be hardback.

What about rating and price? From the analysis, most books on Amazon have a rating of 4 or 4.5. 4 is strongly associated with paperback and 4.5 is strongly associated with hardback, which means that books in paperback mainly have a rating of 4 and books in hardback mainly have a rating of 4.5. The rating of hardback is higher than that of paperback. In addition, paper books are more popular than ebooks. As for price, more expensive books gain higher ratings. This is an interesting finding! Most people prefer attractive book covers and wonderful stories to lower prices.

What is the distribution of e-book readers among different ages and education levels? Among different ages, the largest proportion of e-book readers is people aged between 18 to 29. People with a college degree or higher occupy the largest proportion among different education levels. In addition, the older or less educated people are, the less they read e-books. Therefore, e-books cannot replace printed books at present, due to elder people and less educated ones.